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International volunteering
International volunteering is when an individual volunteers their time to work for organisations or cause outside of their home country. In most cases, volunteers work in developing countries on international development programmes with local partners that address basic needs such as education, health and sanitation.〔 Trends show that international volunteering has become increasingly popular across many countries over the past few decades.〔Anheier, H. K., & Salamon, L. M. (1999). Volunteering in cross-national perspective: Initial comparisons. Law and Contemporary Problems, 43-65.〕
==History==
Formal overseas volunteering can be traced back over one hundred years to when the British Red Cross set up the ''Voluntary Aid Detachment'' (VAD) scheme in 1909.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.redcross.org.uk/About-us/Who-we-are/Museum-and-archives/Resources-for-researchers/Volunteers-and-personnel-records )〕 The VAD volunteers, as well as volunteers from many other national Red Cross organisations, worked in battlefields across Europe and the Middle East during World War I to treat soldiers and civilians regardless of the side they fought for.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.redcross.org.uk/~/media/BritishRedCross/Documents/Who%20we%20are/History%20and%20archives/What%20the%20British%20Red%20Cross%20did%20abroad%20during%20the%20First%20World%20War.pdf )〕
Up to the mid-20th century overseas volunteering projects were mainly undertaken by people with direct connections to a particular cause and were considered more as short term in nature. The more formal inception of international volunteering organisations can be linked to organisations such as Australian Volunteers International (formerly the ''Volunteer Graduate Scheme'') which formed in 1951, International Voluntary Services in 1953 in the USA, and Voluntary Services Overseas (VSO) in 1958 the United Kingdom.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.australianvolunteers.com/about-us/who-we-are/our-story/ )〕〔International Voluntary Services. International Voluntary Services: 1953-2003. Harpers Ferry, WV: International Voluntary Services Alumni Association, 2003. Print.〕 These services and that of the U.S. Peace Corps, established in 1961 during the Kennedy administration, paved the way for broader recognition of overseas volunteering in later years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Executive Order 10924: Establishment of the Peace Corps. (1961) )〕 During the 1960s and 1970s a movement of volunteerism and study abroad programs became popular among university students and graduates and the United Nations launched the UN Volunteers programme for young professionals to take part in a long-term (2 year plus) overseas programme.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://in.one.un.org/img/uploads/UNV_factsheet_2015.pdf )〕
In recent years the accessibility of international volunteering has increased significantly with many smaller charities connecting volunteers with non-governmental organisations in developing countries. Travel companies have also increasingly been offering paid volunteering opportunities, this growth coincided with the increasing number of young people taking gap years and has been termed ''volunteer tourism'' and ''voluntourism'' to denote shorter-term voluntary work that is not necessarily the sole purpose of the trip.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://research.smuc.ac.uk/280/1/04-Butcher%20and%20Smith.pdf )〕 However, many opportunities medium- and long-term opportunities for skilled international volunteers remain, for example, the publicised role of volunteers in addressing the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/nov/12/ebola-volunteers-how-to-prepare )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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